Instant Messaging and College Students Essay -- Communication Computer

Texting and College Students In the previous barely any years, innovation has assumed control over our reality. Our lives are streaming quickly into an innovation based planet; would you be able to recollect when individuals didn't stroll around with a phone connected to their heads? Do you review when you needed to pull out the guide book to discover bearings as opposed to going to www.mapquest.com? One of the fresher mechanical gadgets to advance into the United States, and particularly into the lives of understudies, is moment errand person. The inquiry we should pose to ourselves about moment errand person, an inquiry we should pose about any new bit of innovation is, does this creation advantage us or mischief us? Moment delegate has numerous positive angles, yet when cautiously gauging the valid statements against the awful one can presume that moment courier will by and large adversely influence the normal undergrad. Essential Information What precisely is moment detachment? It is a web based visiting administration, which doesn't require a server, along these lines giving immediate and moment correspondence (Van Horn 653). One can visit with numerous people simultaneously on the off chance that the individual wants. It was first evolved in 1988 by a Finnish man and named Internet Relay Chat (Goldsborough 44). Its notoriety has consistently expanded since its turn of events. Truth be told, in 1999, IDC, an innovation statistical surveying firm in Massachusetts, anticipated that its ubiquity would grow one hundred and 40% in every one of the following five years. This development suggests that constantly 2004 there will be more than one hundred and eighty million moment courier clients (Goldsborough 44). Positive Aspects Notwithstanding, there are acceptable and awful viewpoints to everything that is well known in societ... ...ew Hampshire. 23 Oct. 2002. http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/fresh/crisp.8.1.html Flatow, Nicole. Correspondence Overload?. Pipe Dream 13 February 2001. . 23 October 2002 http://www.bupipedream.com/010213/news/n5.html Fry, Ethan. AOL Instant Messenger a school must. Columbia Chronicle Online 15 April 2001. . 23 October 2002 http://www.ccchronicle.com/back/2002-04-15/opinions4.html Goldsborough, Reid. Texting for Instant Communications. Black Issues in Advanced education Mar. 2001: 44. Kovach, Nick. Web Addiction a Threat to College Students. The Post 25 January 2001. 23 October 2002 The Life Application Study Bible. Terrific Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1997. Van Horn, Royal. Problematic Technology. Phi Delta Kappan Mar. 2002: 492-4. - Crude Data and News. Phi Delta Kappan May 2002: 652-4.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Business Ethics - Essay Example Patrick’s Day Parade, and Memorial Day coed softball competition. Recreational focuses have additionally been made and families are urged to take their youngsters out just to have a fabulous time minutes. The jail that has been set up in the city stands apart as one of the best remedy offices in the nation. Kelsey City was built up by M. Kelsey with the vision of â€Å"preserving the normal assets of the land and keep up an affectionate community.† In perspective on this crucial, individuals from this network have throughout the years attempted to satisfy the reason of social duty and moral qualities as examined beneath. A greater part of the residents who live in this city have kept up the intently weave social texture. The mentality of social obligation has been imparted among the individuals and is frequently disregarded from age to age. Network programs and games have been made purposely to make roads through which the residents can blend and simply become more acquainted with one another in subtleties. Different spots where individuals collaborate incorporate at the malls and in foundations of learning. As of now clarified over, the city has extraordinary compared to other remedial offices in the nation. The authority comprehends the pretended by jails in restoring adolescent young people and different hoodlums inside the network. All things considered, a huge segment of the individuals visit detainees in this jail in order to cooperate with them and empower them that everything isn't lost throughout everyday life. These enables the detainees to comprehend that they are not rejects and that they are as yet welcome in their networks once they serve their terms in the jail. People in this network have the social duty of guaranteeing serene concurrence among individuals similarly as imagined by the originator M. Kelsey. As the familiar aphorism expresses that â€Å"each advertise has its own distraught man,† it is illogical to envision that all

Taylorized by Tyrannical Time Richmond Writing

Taylorized by Tyrannical Time Richmond Writing How are we written upon by our technologies and how can we avoid becoming Taylorized cogs in the rushing machine that is our culture? You may not have time to read this, but if you seize it, you may find yourself in a new relationship with this valuable tool a relationship that can decrease stress and increase creativity and even productivity. Now that were several centuries past the era when we began measuring ourselves and our accomplishments   according to mechanized time, it may seem too late or perhaps even quaint to reconsider our relationship to this man-made technology, but such reflection may be just what we need to step off the Jetsons treadmill and into a more humane and appropriately paced future. Help! Jane! Stop this crazy thing!! who is in control here?   In his 1936 essay The Olive Tree Aldous Huxley notes that time as we experience it is a byproduct of industrialism and he asserts that time is our tyrant.   We might well consider how much we are tyrannized today with our   gaggle of gadgets that help us to schedule and connect with one another with increasing precision, packing ever more activity into the same solar cycle. While we generally grasp the positive utility of our time management tools, we rarely if ever consider how an increasing attention to time can become an obsession that undercuts our performance and our enjoyment of daily experience through embodied stress and blockage of creative thinking. When it comes to education, sufficient time is essential. Unlike job training centers that claim to be educators and who proudly proclaim they can bring a student from zero to Bachelors in 2.5 years, a genuine liberal arts education requires a bit more time and a whole lot more thought and effort. Even if or when it becomes possible to buy a university education that can be simply downloaded into a student, the time compression would equal an elimination of a variety of valuable experiences and the resulting intellect would necessarily be shallower. Sufficient time for reading, conversation and sustained reflection are as necessary to an effective education as they are to good writing. Our thoughts and writing do not fully mature when we do not allow them enough time to grow. Here is where we can use the tool of time to our greatest benefit. Instead of jamming our schedules with activity, we can discipline ourselves to reserve plenty of growth time that allows sufficient leisure for ideas and creative expression to flourish. When rush important experiences and we allow ourselves to be herded into a chronological panic, we overlook things like the strings that are attached, or we forget the subtle, steady and ancient clock of the Sun that reminds us of a more universal perspective and puts our lives and accomplishments in a more realistic context. May we learn from Macbeths unsatisfied ambition and not be that poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage but rather let us stretch out our hours together on this Earth to maximize the joy and brilliance of human intellectual exploration and creativity while we have the chance.mind your business, be here now.  For further inspiration to step off the Taylorized treadmill, check out Carl Honores 2004 book In Praise of Slowness.

Porters Forces Cruise Industry - 1425 Words

The Leisure- Cruise Industry Major: Marketing Porter’s Six Forces I. Threat of New Entrants: Low * Barriers to entry: High * High Capital Requirements: The capital required to start up a cruise line is one of the key factors contributing to this industry’s high barriers to entry. With the average cost of building a cruise ship rising, the amount of capital needed to start up a cruise line is estimated at one billion dollars. Therefore discouraging any new entrants into the industry. * High Brand Equity: A cruise line’s brand awareness and reputation are significant factors to the industry’s high barriers to entry. Cruising is a risk-averse activity, which influences consumers to trust and purchase from established cruise†¦show more content†¦* Distinctiveness of cruise experience: Cruising is perceived as a more expensive vacation alternative compared to land-based trips, however there is a strong belief among consumers that cruising offers high value for the price consumers pay. Cruising is looked at a full package b y offering bundles of travel packages including airfare, dining, itineraries, resort stay, and multiple other amenities. Therefore, a cruise offers a distinctive type of experience that most consumers would choose over various other traveling substitutes. (UCLIA) IV. Bargaining power of buyers: Medium * Travel agencies: Travel agencies have strong relationships with the cruise industry as they book around two thirds of their cruise. Although this percentage is declining due to the growth of consumer knowledge and technology the percentage of cruisers using travel agents is relatively strong. (UCLIA) * Low price sensitivity: As cruising may be categorized as a luxurious leisure-activity, its target market on average have high annual income of $82,000 - $97,000 with the average age of a cruiser being in their late forty’s. Therefore, they are not as sensitive to pricing, as the price of a cruise vacation is relatively low to the average income of the target market. * Peak seasons: During peak seasons when demand exceeds capacity buyers have lower bargaining power as opposed to when ships offer last minute discounts in order to avoidShow MoreRelatedThe Leisure-Cruise Industry Porter Paper1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe Leisure-Cruise Indus try February 17, 2011 Business Management Introduction One of the rapid producing leisure industry divisions, the cruise industry faces several challenges. Whereas supply continues to rise at double-digit levels, demand battles to keep speed. Known the demands on communications and the jeopardy of an eroding on-shore practice, less port are in a location to provide accommodation the cruise lines as supply grows. At the similar time, the community sectors inspectionRead MoreCorporate Growth Strategy3674 Words   |  15 PagesAcademic Report on Strategic Management by Diana Romanova 100878 Strategy Communication EHM3.SC-02 December 10, 2012 Abstract The purpose of the report is to discuss the current strategy of the Carnival Corporation, the world leader in the cruise industry. Based on the external and internal situation analysis the new growth strategy is formulated. The recommendations on the strategy implementation and evaluation are provided by terms of the various strategic theories and models. The projected internationalizationRead MoreBusiness Strategy of Airasia1045 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVESCOPE Lower   Cost Diff  erentiation   BroadTarget   Ã‚  Narrow Target   1. Cost    Leadership 2. Diff  erentiation   3A. Cost Focus 3B. Diff  erentiation   Focus    Figure 1 – Porter’s Generic Strategies Source: Porter, 1985, p.12  AirAsia builds and sustains its competitive advantage by providing services at aprice that is simply lower than competitors ¶ price. Operation effectiveness andoutstanding efficiency are two main characteristics of low cost businessesincludingRead MoreCarnival Porter 5 Forces1838 Words   |  8 PagesPORTER’S 5 FORCES Porter’s 5 forces model allows to analyse the factors outside the Cruise industry that influence the nature of Carnival competition within it, the forces inside the Cruise industry that influence the way in which Carnival compete, and so the company’s likely profitability. With an understanding of where power lies, Carnival can take advantages of a situation of strength, improve a situation of weakness and avoid taking wrong strategies. Porter has identified five competitive forces thatRead MoreCarnival Porter 5 Forces1851 Words   |  8 PagesPORTER’S 5 FORCES Porter’s 5 forces model allows to analyse the factors outside the Cruise industry that influence the nature of Carnival competition within it, the forces inside the Cruise industry that influence the way in which Carnival compete, and so the company’s likely profitability. With an understanding of where power lies, Carnival can take advantages of a situation of strength, improve a situation of weakness and avoid taking wrong strategies. Porter has identified five competitive forces thatRead MoreAnalysis of Carnival1936 Words   |  8 Pageslifestyle and budget at an outstanding value. We also committed to create strong bond of relationship with our prestigious stakeholder group by prioritize their need.† The direction of Carnival Corporation to achieve its vision is to serve the cruise ship industry in global platform. The positioning of the vacation service is perceived as distinctive and exceptional. To become the global vacation leader is the priority for manager to direct their effort and making decision. The proposed vision statementRead MoreAir Asia- Porters Five Forces866 Words   |  4 PagesPorter’s five forces Michael E. Porter claimed that there are five competitive forces which can shape every industry by identify and analysis those five forces(appendix) and thus determine strengths and weaknesses of the industry. Those five forces are now used to determined Air Asia’s strengths and weaknesses which are shown as below: Threat of Entry There is a high barrier entering airlines industry since it requires high capital to set up everything such as purchase or lease air craftRead MoreThe Cruise And Royal Caribbean Cruise2850 Words   |  12 Pagesconsidered going on a Cruise Ship to the Bahamas or Europe or even Canada for a few days? With 24 hour food service; daycares for various ages; around the clock entertainment; numerous pools and jacuzzis; gyms and spas; back to back parties, bars and lounges; how can anyone not forget their troubles and enjoy their life for that moment being on a luxurious cruise ship? The Cruise Ship Industry started in the early 1970s with their oldest cruise line, Norwegian, since then this industry has expanded intoRead MoreThe Nature Of An Industry s Competitiveness And Develop Corporate Strategies1776 Words   |  8 PagesSummary The five forces model was developed by Michael E. Porter to help companies assess the nature of an industry’s competitiveness and develop corporate strategies accordingly. Michael Porter’s five forces model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy should be based on an understanding of industry structures and the way they change. Porter has identified five competitiveRead MorePorter Five Forces3056 Words   |  13 Pagesthe essence goals of all industries. Nowadays, Porter s Five Forces model is currently being adopted as the powerful management tool of choice by many organizations. The essence of this model is that it can help senior managers to make right decision and build and sustain competitive advantages in the organization level. This document presents the overview approach of Porter ¡Ã‚ ¦s five forces framework across organizations. And critically evaluation of porter ¡Ã‚ ¦s five forces model mainly focused on identifying

The Embargo Act Of Cuba Essay - 1420 Words

G’Jasmaree Rodriguez Ms. Wade Economics December 5, 2016 Cuba Position I think that the Embargo act of Cuba should not be uplifted simply because they do not meet the requirements of business in the trade industry. The embargo also known as the blockade signed by President Kennedy Feb. 3, 1962, consist of economic sanctions against Cuba and restrictions on Cuba travel and commerce for all people and business under the U.S jurisdiction (Cuba-embargo.procon.org) and acts of communist powers. It will only benefit the Government of Cuba and not be beneficial to the citizens within the Island meaning that the money of financial gain only supports the Government and overall not the biggest satisfaction of the society in the Cuban Island. The political viewpoint of the perspective is that the United States having more than 75 countries they do trade with around the world, Cuba that only has done trade with just about 7 countries such as companies of Canada, Europe, and Latin America, those countries have not enjoyed economic relationship. I personally think th at their will be no difference if the president was to uplift the act against Cuba they have failed to meet the expectations of deliberately honoring their commitment as a friend or business to relay on. In 2012 Cuba was deeply in debt and owed $13.6 billion although few countries still remain to import and export goods with them. For over 55 years the Unites States has had restrictions hold against Cuba since 1982 theShow MoreRelatedEmbargo on Cuba984 Words   |  4 PagesEmbargo on Cuba The U.S. imposed an Embargo on Cuba on Oct. 19, 1960. Has the time come for the United States to lift the 5-decade embargo? The Embargo on Cuba was a part of America’s Cold War strategy against the Soviet Union, imposed on the basis that Cuba was a threat to the U.S. National Security because of their alliance with the Soviet Union. Although Cuba would like the U.S to terminate the embargo against their country, the U.S. wants Cuba to make their situation a better living environmentRead MoreShould the U.S. Government Drop Its Sanctions against Cuba?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of force as a primary method of international coercion. Cuba is one of the countries considered as a rogue state by the United States and its allies. The emergence of Cuba as a communist country in the western hemisphere in 1960, and the nationalization of a huge amount of US assets in Cuba by the then new regime led to the sanctions against Cuba. However, starting from the end of the 1980’s th e Communist block begin falling apart. Cuba lost its international allies and became helpless both economicallyRead MoreWhy Do We Still Have an Embargo of Cuba?1688 Words   |  7 Pages In the article, â€Å"Why Do We Still Have an Embargo of Cuba?† Patrick Haney explores the history of the embargo and the different factors which have maintained and tightened its restrictions over the past fifty years. The embargo consists of a ban on trade and commercial activity, a ban on travel, a policy on how Cuban exiles can enter the U.S., and media broadcasting to the island. These once-executive orders now codified into law by the Helms-Burton Act, have become a politically charged topic whichRead MoreEssay about The US Embargo on Cuba1077 Words   |  5 Pages The U.S. imposed an Embargo against Cuba on Oct. 19, 1960. Has the time come to the United States to lift the five-decade embargo? The Embargo was a part of America’s Cold War strategy against the Soviet Union, impos ed on the belief that Cuba was a threat to the U.S. since the Soviet Union was a danger to the National Security because of its alliance with the Soviet Union. Although Cuba would like the U.S to terminate the embargo against their country, the U.S. wants Cuba to make their situationRead MoreRelationship between Cuba and the United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesCuban Missile Crisis, Cuba is still a ruthless nation. Cuba has tried to become a peaceful nation. Cuba has resources that are very effective in the rise of a country. Countries like the United States don’t want to trade with Cuba after the conflict. However, this is just a hypothesis. Both countries have been at each other since Fidel Castro came into power in 1959. Castro began a revolution and overthrew Fulgencio Bastista, who was the president of Cuba at the time. Cuba became a Communist countryRead MoreU.s. Relations Between The United States And Cuba843 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent months, the media has been i n a frenzy with the topic of the new emerging relations evolving between the United States and Cuba. This new development, following merely years after Raul Castro was succeeded by his brother Fidel, prompted an inquiry. Why new relations now? Has there been a significant current event to prompt the end to a 50 year embargo? Is Cuba becoming more liberal? Or is the United States merely become more sensible? In essence, we are aiming to unearth the underlying forcesRead MoreShould the United States Lift the Embargo on Cuba? Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican international relations with Cuba have almost always been tense. The cold war solidified the growing negative relations, and the embargo embodied it. But now that the cold war is over, as is the Cuban missile crisis, we’re left to wonder if the embargo is really necessary. Should the United States lift the embargo of Cuba? All of the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, points to yes. We should lift the e mbargo. The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960, 53Read MoreThe Cuban Embargo Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Embargo The key to understanding the foreign policy of a nation state is understanding that state’s national interest. The key to successful foreign policy is, as Henry Kissinger stated in 1998, defining â€Å"an achievable objective†. Thus United States policy towards Cuba fails because it neglects these two key ingredients of foreign policy. The US embargo of Cuba is four decades old and no longer serves the country’s national interest, rather it has proven to be a economic andRead MoreCuba And The United States1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A lot has gone on between the United States and Cuba between 1959 and 2015. In 1959, Cuba and the United States cut off diplomatic ties. On December 17, 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they would restore diplomatic ties. Diplomatic ties is defined as â€Å"The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements† by The Free Dictionary. This means that two countries work together and with other countries to talk aboutRead MoreCuba And The United States1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A lot has gone on between the United States and Cuba between 1959 and 2015. In 1959, Cuba and the United States cut off diplomatic ties. On December 17, 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they would restore diplomatic ties. Diplomatic ties is defined as â€Å"The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements† by The Free Dictionary. This means that two countries work together and with other countries to talk about

The Debate Over The Ontological Status Of The Good

Mayyar almoayed Professor Giancola Ethics Exam 28/10/2015 1. Discuss the meaning of the Socratic maxim â€Å"know thyself† as a moral imperative. What is the nature and the significance of the debate over the ontological status of the Good in Plato’s Euthyphro? Socrates, one of mankind’s greatest teachers, was born in Athens circa 469 B.C. Moved by what he considered a divine vocation to improve the social and moral conditions of his time, he turned to teaching. He discarded the arts and airs of the sophists of his day who sought more to impress others than to teach, who lay more emphasis on the form rather than on the substance, more concerned with protecting their prestige than showing their sincerity in the search and reaching for the truth. Rather than confine his teaching to the classroom, he took to the streets of Athens to meet people and pupils in familiar converse showing himself as ready to learn as to teach. The method he used in teaching is now known as the Socrates method. According to Socrates, philosophy is an ethical practice and an ethical need – that is the need to know and to be aware of one’s self and to develop as God intended: moving towards divinity (Olney, 1980). Correspondingly, Socrates says th at knowledge is inborn. Virtue likewise is a natural endowment, not an artificial convention or habit of action to be acquired by education. Virtue may, indeed be taught, but it is to be understood not as introducing something foreign to the mind but ratherShow MoreRelatedThe Abortion Debate Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pages No matter where you stand on the issue, abortion is a highly debated topic in today’s society. In this essay I will examine both sides of the abortion issue. I will begin with a brief overview of the abortion debate, to include the morality of the situation. Next I will discuss the Pro-Life argument. Lastly I will look at the Pro-Choice view. In the final analysis I will show how utilitarianism, altruism, and situational ethical views apply to abortion. Having in mind the extreme controversy surroundingRead MoreFeminism and Constructivism: A Comparison2645 Words   |  11 PagesThe discipline of international relations (IR) is one that has witnessed a mul titude of variations and shifts. It has produced a fair amount of debate between academics within the international relations scholarship. Due to a plethora of circumstances scholars have subjected the traditional rationalist theories of neorealism and neoliberalism to critical re-evaluations. As a result, constructivism is a concept that has emerged as an alternative approach to dominant IR theories. It focuses on theRead MoreThe Logical Structure of the Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic of Marketing7412 Words   |  30 Pagestwo reasons: (1) the ideas are unfamiliar; (2) there are so many of them. Hence the purposes of this paper are to explain briefly the unfamiliar ideas, and, more importantly, to reduce the complexity of S-D logic by explicitly analysing the ontological content of the FPs and the logical structure of relationships between the FPs, as premises (or axioms) and conclusions or corollaries. The outcome of this analysis is that the core, essential, FPs are identified, as well as some gaps. In particularRead MoreSturdy And Grey Article5186 Words   |  21 Pagesintroduces contributions to a special issue exploring alternative accounts of organizational change management (OCM). It begins with identifying why such alternatives are needed by pointing to core assumptions within OCM, including a practical and ontological prochange bias, managerialism and universalism. The alternatives to OCM are then framed in terms of the constructionism associated with various forms of discourse analysis. It is argued that the contributions show, both theoretically and empiricallyRead MoreDonovan Implications2267 Words   |  10 Pagesthe person who says, ‘I know I’m right; don’t confuse me with arguments’. And yet there are times when we find ourselves wanting to say that too. For there are situations in which we feel sure that we know something, even though if asked to give a good argument to back up our claim we are at a loss to know quite how to do so. â₠¬ËœI know you’re the person I spoke to on the bus yesterday.’ ‘I know I have two hands.’ ‘I know it is wrong to let that child starve.’ ‘I know that six minus four leaves twoRead MoreEssay about A Philoshpical Approach to Proving the Existence of God4013 Words   |  17 Pages The question of God’s existence has been debated through the history of man, with every philosopher from Socrates to Immanuel Kant weighing in on the debate. So great has this topic become that numerous proofs have been invented and utilized to prove or disprove God’s existence. Yet no answer still has been reached, leaving me to wonder if any answer at all is possible. So I will try in this paper to see if it is possible to philosophically prove God’s existence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BeforeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Qualitative and Quantitative Social Research Methodology3905 Words   |  16 Pagesusually conducted by adopting either a qualitative or quantitative approach (Henn et al, 2006). The approaches taken and the decisions that are made by qualitative and quantitative researchers differ with respect to their epistemological position and ontological assumptions and these assumptions orientate the research strategies in a direction that will be most appropriate in developing their research methodologies (Bryman, 2004). This assignment will identify and describe how the different methodologiesRead MoreSecurity Dilemm Spiral Model3132 Words   |  13 Pagespeaceful options. Third, I show how the security dilemma concepts adapt well to new security threats, such as ethnic conflict, civil war, and international terrorism. Finally, I close with a brief critique of the security dilemma assumptions on ontological, epistemological, and methodological grounds, but conclude that despite these criticisms, the theoretical frameworks used to analyze the dynamics behind security dilemmas offer valuable insights and policy relevant prescriptions to confront theRead MoreMCMULLEN SHEPHERD Entrepreneurial Act13331 Words   |  54 Pagesour second purpose: to offer a perspective that allows for examination of entrepreneurial action at the individual level of analysis while remaining consistent with a rich legacy of systemlevel theories of the entrepreneur. Because action takes place over time, and because the future is unknowable, action is inher- Entrepreneurship requires action. Whether conceptualized as the creation of new products or processes (Schumpeter, 1934), entry into new markets (Lumpkin Dess, 1996), or the creation ofRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 Pagescontends that artists and intellectuals (especially) can utilize their own personal estrangement to serve a future emancipation. Art and philosophy (i.e., the humanities) can, by virtue of their admittedly elitist critical distance, oppose an oppressive status quo and furnish an intangible, yet concrete, telosby which to guide emancipatory social practice. Marcuse is attracted to the humanities because their subject matter and methodology are thought to focus upon questions of the meaning of human experience

Catcher in the Rye Song free essay sample

Coldplay is about feeling confused about life, especially about the future, and needing to talk with someone about it in order to get all the worries and concerns and fears out in the open, and hopefully try to figure out a solution to them. It is like a conversation between two people, one the person needing help, and the other the advisor. In states, â€Å"tell me how you feel.. well I feel like they’re talking in a language I don’t speak. † This song relates to Holden because its about the loneliness and depression of Holden. The tone of this song is loneliness and isolation. The mood it puts me in is lonely, heartbroken and depressed. The symbol for this song about Holden is the red hat because when he puts it on, he feels safe and makes him feel happier. This song is saying if you talk to someone about what your going through then you will feel better and get through things easier. The line Now I need a place to hide away in the song represents that situation pretty well. After Holden realizes that all the happy times he had with Jane are in the past and always will be, he gets really sad and wants to hide from the world, and he hopes to hold on to his memory of yesterday. I believe that the song Yesterday represents really well Holdens feelings for the past when Jane and him were together. Yesterday by The Beatles Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though theyre here to stay Oh, I believe in yesterday Suddenly, Im not half the man I used to be Theres a shadow hanging over me. Oh, I yesterday came suddenly Why she had to go I dont know she wouldnt say I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide away Oh, I believe in yesterday Why she had to go I dont know she wouldnt say I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide away Oh, I believe in yesterday

Lala free essay sample

Even though the same themes are brought up, the poets take a different approach to them by giving the parents and children emotions and actions which are poles apart. Due to this contrast and varying approaches, the reader gains two separate views on these two themes. In the two poems, the pace plays a significant role in portraying the two themes. Morris makes use of monosyllables and short sentences making the scolding sound choppy and chaotic. The phrase, â€Å"quick slap struck† indicates the disobedience of the child due to the severe and painful punishment he has been forced to endure. The monosyllables make the words sound short and detached, increasing the pace and showing the quickness of the hit. Moreover, the word â€Å"struck† implies the strong impact of the hit, used to punish the defiant child. In addition, the pace plays a part in conveying the feelings felt by the parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Lala or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The frequent use of commas and full stops make the poem very rigid and implies the firm, forced and hurtful restriction the parent is instilling on himself in order to teach the child a valuable lesson without giving in to the tears. In contrast, only four long and extended sentences are used by Patmore in â€Å"The Toys† which decrease the pace and a sense of sorrow is felt for the dead mother. The extensive sentences suggest the continuous thoughts of guilt and sorrow which are profusely flowing into the guilty parent’s mind. In the phrase, â€Å"To god, I wept, and said:† the parent sadly pours out his sorrows for being harsh to his son, begging for forgiveness from god who he takes as his father. The slow pace makes the overall mood much more calm and emotional compared to â€Å"Little Boy Crying† where a somewhat mild farce breaks out. Furthermore, the poets vary the personalities of the two children making the disobedience of one more overpowering than the other. In â€Å"Little Boy Crying†, a sly child is introduced, â€Å"plotting deeper pits to trap him†. This phrase suggests that the child isn’t naive and is clearly hungry for revenge over his strict father who he sees as a â€Å"grim giant†. Moreover, he stands there, â€Å"angling for a moment’s hint of guilt or sorrow. † This suggests that the young child isn’t innocent as he knows the hurt your easy tears can scald him with. This phrase shows that the child is well aware of the discomfort and burning sensation he is able to make his heartless father tolerate. Furthermore, his emotions seem to be that of resentment, anger, sadness and frustration. On the other hand, a more mature and thoughtful boy is portrayed by Patmore in â€Å"The Toys†. We are told that he â€Å"spoke in quiet grown-up wise†, confirming that he is of quite a mature age. The phrase â€Å"having my law the seventh time disobey’d† indicates that the child is not an angel as disobedience is revisited here by the poet. The idea that the rules stated by the father have several times been broken suggests that strict parenting should come into play. The use of â€Å"seventh time† makes the job of parenting appear tedious and never ending. However, a sense of sympathy is created where the poet writes, â€Å"with darken’d eyelids†¦from his late sobbing wet†. A contrast is created here from the disobedient young boy to an innocent one who miserably cries himself to sleep. Moreover, the almost worthless toys lying beside his bed make his father feel guilty as they perform the task which he should have done which was â€Å"to comfort his sad heart†. The readers get the idea that stricter parenting should be enforced on the child in â€Å"Little boy crying† as a mischievous young toddler is portrayed. In contrast, due to the humble behaviour seen in the more mature child in â€Å"The Toys† his disobedience is slowly forgotten as the poem gains a more emotional mood. In both poems â€Å"Little Boy Crying† and â€Å"The Toys†, there is a change of mood as they start with strict parenting and unforgivable disobedience but as the poem progresses, the emotions of the parents start to falter creating a more sensitive sensation. Effective language and techniques used by the poets allows these different views on the poems to be understood. In â€Å"Little Boy Crying†, Morris uses lots of sibilance and alliteration including, â€Å"recently relaxed†, â€Å"swimming tears splashing† and â€Å"slap struck†. The continued use of these techniques frequently creates emphasis on the distressed state the disobedient child is in and enhances the emotions of hate, anger and revenge. In the 4th stanza the emotions change from hate to the sensitive and sentimental issues of parenting. This stanza brings out the fact that both father and son are suffering from ordeal punishment. Parenting is referred to as being extremely tormenting as the poet conveys the hurt the parent feels for seeing the child crying but struggles to hold back his comforting in order to instill some discipline in the child. Language generally used is not simple however, there is some contrast in the 2nd stanza where a reference is made to fairytales, including jack and the beanstalk. Here more immature language is used to relate to he child, â€Å"ogre†, â€Å"grim giant†, â€Å"colossal cruel†. Fantastical ideas are used to convey the thoughts running in the infant’s mind. This variation in language is used to imbue the idea that the child’s mind is complex but the emotions are immature. Single line at the end aims to emphasise the stress on the lesson the child must learn. Also for the parent who musn’t give in, in order not to spoil the lesson on discilpline. Acts as a dual purpose to cover both the troubles felt in parenting and disobedience.

Henard, Learning Activity 5 Essays - Montessori Education

Henard, Learning Activity 5 Essays - Montessori Education Henard, Learning Activity 5 Montessori Program The Environment It is an open concept area that is warm and inviting to children. All of the centers are age appropriate and child size and in order according to area of the center, and that the children do not feel over-whelmed. Each area is structure to engage the child to master certain skills, while enjoying a bright happy place to play. (Intro to Early Childhood Education, 7e. pg.122). The Children Children range in different ages. They Montessori Programs encourage individual activities (p. 123) in which encourages self-motivation and independence in each child. Montessori Programs gear towards children ages 3-6 years of age. The Teachers The teachers more or less observe children as they go about different activities at the center. They never praise the children as the activities are geared to self-rewarding (pg. 123). The teachers also learn the curriculum and the methods of the program through a very intensive course study on the graduate level (pg. 123). The Materials The Montessori Program offers different didactics to challenge the children to problem solve and receive the immediate feedback on how it works and satisfaction on a job well done when the job is complete (pg. 123). The Curriculum It helps the children to refine their fine motor skills, self-help and learning, while playing, the everyday activities they see or do at home. While they are doing all of this, the sensory part comes into play. The children will use their five senses to do the activities at hand and include the gross motor skills (pg.123). Maria Montessoris plan was to incorporate learning skills in order to help the children to build self confidence in their self-esteem. The reason why I choose the Montessori Program is that the centers are open, warm and friendly to all who enter. It encourages children to explore and learn on their own with self-rewarding satisfaction, of knowing that they can accomplish anything they set their mind to. But, I also think that teacher involvement and creativity should be included in this, along with, language comprehension, reading, play acting, and encouraging the imagination. Resources: Intro to Early Childhood Education, WSCC ECED 1010, 7e. Essa. Pages 122-124.

English as an Academic Language in the UAE Research Paper

English as an Academic Language in the UAE - Research Paper Example Language education in such states is largely governed by Anglo-American undergraduate academic structures and language books. The general term employed to refer to the teaching of English language as a foreign language is ELT or English Language Teaching. Since the 1950s, ELT has expanded exponentially in order to provide quality English language education not only in Europe but in Asian countries as well. Today, English is a ‘world language’ and therefore the primary concern of ELT professionalism is to not only concentrate on the provision of world class linguistic skills but also to promote other pedagogical aspects of English language. Unfortunately, ELT has a number of political, cultural and social ramifications, some of which pose serious obstacles in the continuation of English language education in some of the prominent Asian countries such as the United Arab Emirates. (Wodak, R., & Corson, D.1997). The research paper concentrates on some of the major political, social and cultural issues surrounding the teaching of English at undergraduate level. Development of ELT: ELT professionalism evolved on the basis of diverse sources. One such source was the development of educational programs focusing on adult foreign language learning throughout the European countries and UAE. Another valuable source in the development of ELT was the exponential growth of anthropological and structural linguistics in the United States of America. Moreover, the influence of anthropological and structural linguistics development has not only been limited to the territorial boundaries of the United States but has also permeated and influenced the educational system of United Arab Emirates. The third most important source in the development of ELT professionalism was the education in British colonial states. An important aspect of ELT development in colonial states was: first, the development was a perfect reflection of the events that happened in the metropolis, an d second, it simply failed to address the cultural, political and social educational needs of the inhabitants of the vast British Empire. Thus, the colonized people were more or less treated as puppets loyal to the British officials. However, certain factors posed obstacles in the development of ELT professionalism. One such factor was the development of other European languages such as French. (Wodak, R., & Corson, D.1997). During the time the cold war broke out, Americans used English as an efficient and non-armed way to spread their influence. The federal government allocated a substantial amount of funds to be utilized in the development of English education around the world. The extent of American involvement in the development of English education can be analyzed by the fact that by 1949, more than 40 American agencies were dedicated to spread English education worldwide. Furthermore, US Information Agency together with many foundations such as Ford and Rockefeller played a de cisive role in the establishment of TESOL worldwide and also to include diverse resources in the profession of ELT. By the mid 1960’s, Ford and Rockefeller were involved in more than 38 countries to incorporate TESOL as an academic discipline. ELT professionalism basically involves traditional classroom activities including curriculum development, testing methods and teacher training programs.(Wodak, R., & Cors

ART of Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART of Architecture - Essay Example and provide a brief explanation about what makes this place appears to be quite special, â€Å"The Grand Army Plaza† located in Brooklyn, US has been taken into concern for discussion. â€Å"The Grand Army Plaza† can be apparently observed as a monument type, which was founded in the year 1916. It was a great experience to visit this monument and also the place wherein it is located, as these resemble uniform culture along with heritage including ethical considerations (New York Architecture, n.d.). The following pictorial illustration provides a brief idea about the aforesaid monument: Based on the above analysis, it can be affirmed that the factors including concreteness, specificity and definiteness play an imperative role in holding as well as arousing the attention of the viewers to visit a particular place or any historical place for gaining a brief knowledge about a specific subject matter. It is worth mentioning that apart from playing the above discussed role, the three constituents mentioned above also support in determining the effectiveness or the attractions of the historical places in the context of delivering quality works for the visitors with adequate understanding of different facts relating to conceptions and emotions among others. From a logical and future perspective, it can be apparently observed that the historical monument â€Å"The Grand Army Plaza† has been designed by taking into concern varied artifacts and geometries with the intention of attracting the viewers and most vitally to mark a sign of excellence as well as ethnicity am id the Americans and also the viewers worldwide. Thus, it will be vital to mention that better logical and most vitally appropriate incorporation of the above stated constituents will eradicate all complexities and help in delivering works with utmost quality (Strunk & White, 2014; New York Architecture, n.d.). Therefore, from the above analysis and discussion, it can be affirmed from a broader understanding

Functions of Urban Space in Architecture

Functions of Urban Space in Architecture How does the Architecture of urban space stimulate appropriation and manipulation of its fabric, symbols and language by its inhabitants, in unfamiliar, and ways otherwise overlooked? To what extent does the modern city support and suppress activities deemed to elapse the prescribed use of a space? Are these opportunities for engagement limitless? Does the modern city stimulate the cultural and physiological identity of its inhabitants? Walk through urban space and you will undoubtedly see and experience what Borden refers to as the left-over spaces of modernist urban planning. (Borden, 2001, p.33) The spaces of decision-making, often characterised by excpansivity of space and signals. They are the spaces of the zero degree. (Borden, 2001, P.33) These spaces contain a predetermined use, need and time, and contain within them objects with predetermined functions. While these zero degree spaces quietly serve their purpose, it is suggested they are being appropriated beyond their expected use, and are venerated with new meaning in the process contrasting Lefebvres statement where he maintains a lack of qualitative differences in the Architecture of the modern city and the experience of it is being reduced to banal monotony. (Borden, 2001). The disciplines chosen are Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerilla Gardening. They have been chosen because they each contain within them the capacity to appropriate and re-programme spaces of prescribed function and use within the urban fabric of the modern city. They also all contain within them a distinguishing feature, for example the Skateboarder reappropriates space with the aid of a tool (the skateboard) that is absorbed into the body (Borden, 2001, p.1). Similarly, Parkour a discipline reliant on an individuals athletic ability and mental effort reappropriates space in much the same manner, however, the tool in this example is replaced by the motile body. Through a traceurs (generally accepted term for a Parkour practitioner) efforts they seek opportunities to remap their environment (Angel, 2014, p.179) and in doing so form new physical, spatial and psychological connections to it. (Angel, 2014, p.179) Finally, Guerilla Gardening is a discipline practiced by virtue of conviction. The movement is an attack on the scarcity of land within urban space, a battle for resources and ultimately a fight for freedom of expression and for community cohesion. (Reynolds, 2009, p.5) Thus, the aims of the text are threefold. It will introduce, and thereafter explore the formal and material principles of the modern city to see how opportunities for engagement are presented. Secondly, Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardening are introduced. A brief historical introduction set within the context of the modern city reveals the profound relationship between space and use. Thereafter exploring the spatial-political conflicts entrenched within their practice. Finally, imagining these marginal users of space as performers and the transgressive, often illicit activities as urban performances, the text will explore how these modes of engagement can critique the modern city. Using Borden and Lefebvres theories and Tschumis ideology the text will argue the importance of such critiquing in informing the design and production of future cities. 1.2 Theory. Its Tschumis perspective of Architecture, and of the experience of Architecture, and how he locates transgression as a concept within Architecture (Architectural Design, 2013, p.15) that forms the genesis of this investigative text. The concept of transgression will play an important part for it will attempt to argue its importance in the context of the modern city not conceptually and literally to Architecture and urban space as built form that negates its self but rather a sociologically implied importance. Transgression formed of a series of transgressive acts that are performed within the modern city that consequently, highlight distinct ways contemporary counter-cultures are identifying with the built environment. In pursuit of attaining a qualitative insight into the application of Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardening in the modern city the text will interpret the theoretical writings of Professor Iain Borden. An architectural historian and urban commentator. He is, at the time of writing, Professor of Architecture and Urban Culture at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. His book Skateboarding, Space and the City; Architecture and the Body has proved invaluable in the production of this text. His theories on Zero degree Architecture, Rhythmanalysis and super architectural space adopted from Henry Lefebvre, and adapted for understanding the urban practice of Skateboarding within the discourse of Architecture and urban space are highly transferrable and form a theoretical framework to be used in understanding the socio-spatial   impacts of non-normative, ludic activities being performed in the modern city. 1.3 Structure. Section 1 introduces the main topics, the objective of the study, and informs the reader of the theoretical frameworks underpinning the text. Section 2 formally introduces the three transgressive urban disciplines, their origins and historically roots them within the context of the modern City. The skateboard is introduced as a form of body-tool based engagement, Parkour; a body based engagement and finally Guerilla Gardening; a body-belief based engagement occurring with the urban realm. Section 3 provides the reader with a brief historical development of the modern City, providing a brief exploration of the spatial and material qualities of 20th century Architecture, with particular emphasis on materiality, modernist urban planning principles, and the various architectural artefacts and quotidian objects that form the fabric of the modern city. The section ultimately explores the concept of the city as a collection of macro-micro spaces of opportunity. Section 4 delves into Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardenings political impacts on the modern City and its inhabitants. It explores the legislative measures, and design based tactics employed by authority to disrupt and halt activity. Thereafter, the text will explore conflict and ways in which it may be mediated/mitigated through design. Section 5 explores explicitly the dialogue between Skateboarding, Parkour, Guerrilla Gardening and urban space, with the aim of revealing each disciplines unique spatial qualities, as well as the social, and spatial phenomena that occurs by consequence of their practice. The section will focus on exploring the way in which these modes of engagement can critique urban space, urban fabric, the wider city, its Architecture and inhabitants in new and unfamiliar ways. Before we depart Modern Architecture is a large subject that has been widely discussed and forms a large portion of contemporary architectural discourse. While it is, relatively easy, to obtain a comprehensive account of the Architecture that has pervaded the 20th century, it is, however, surprisingly more arduous to obtain an account of the public spaces that have emerged by consequence of its practice. It is more difficult still to find critical analysis of urban space engagement that negates normative functions. (Preston, 1985) It is far beyond the scope of this text to deliver the former; however, the text will endeavor to explore the phenomenon of human-urban interaction through the guise of a number of marginal urban cultural practices as they are enacted within the spaces between buildings. 2.1 Skateboarding The street skateboard is many things, and serves various functions. For some, it is a form of transportation. For others, a tool that used to engage with the urban fabric of the modern city. For some it is both, and more, it is a way of life. While it is impossible to pinpoint the exact date the Skateboard was invented, Borden suggests it originated in 1930-1950s California. Quite different from the modern skateboard of today, they were makeshift contraptions that looked more like scooters. They were constructed by children using roller skates, apple crates and wooden planks and were used to traverse the suburbia sidewalks. (Borden, 2001, p.13) Evenutually these homemade contraptions would evolve, loosing elements like the metal wheels which gave an uncomfortable and bumpy ride. They were eventually replaced with wheels made of composite materials such as plastic, clay and paper which gave the riders better traction and manouverability. (Borden, 2001, p.14-15) The skateboard did not only evolve in its technological and material capacity, but also in the way it was utilised by the user. Most notable was the introduction of a manouvre called the Ollie which can be seen in figure 01. The ollie involves a series of explosive, perfectly timed manouvres produced with the intent of launching a Skateboarder in to the air, with the skateboard the skateboard seemingly fixed to a skateboarders feet. (Borden, 2001, p.91) The feat which involves a delicate relation between body, board, terrain and gravitational force (Borden, 2001, p.91) would eventually develop into a cornerstone of modern skateboarding (Borden, 2001, p.91). The popularity of Skateboarding has waxed and waned over the years. Arguably, its most important resurgence was in the 1980s when a paradigm shift in the global skateboarding community occurred. Skateboarders, once content surfing the sidewalk, carving the empty pools of California suburbia and navigating the constructed space of the Skatepark were instead being drawn to the oppertunities of the modern city. (Borden, 2001, p.23) 2.2 Parkour According to the Oxford English Dictionary Parkour may be defined as a discipline or activity of moving rapidly and freely over or around the obstacles presented by an (esp. urban) environment by running, jumping, climbing, etc (Oxford English Dictionary , 2016) Figure 2 shows a traceur leaping from one building to another. Parkour is not merely about jumping over walls, despite some common misconceptions, it is an imaginative reworking of the existing spatial configurations as well as a reworking of the corporeal and a questioning of the self. (Angel, 2014, p.178) Much like modern street skateboarding, it may be argued Parkour is also synonymous with the the urban environment. Julie Angel, quoting Mathew Lamb goes as far as stating parkour is the dialectical relationship between the built form and the body (Angel, 2014, p.178) Parkour is a comparatively new form of engagement with the urban and originated as a form of military training, first developed by French naval leutenant George Herbert. His anthropologial observations of the indigenous peoples of Africa and beyond specifically their physical development and movement skills (Anon., n.d.) culminated in the formualtion of a physical training discipline refered to by Herbert as the Natural Method. (Anon., n.d.) More recently two individuals David Belle and Sebastien Foucan developed their own versions of Herberts original physical discipline, they formed a group of practicioners which called themselves the Yamikazi. They would later develop a strong following in their home country of France and with the help of acclaimed film director Luc Besson, the introduction of Youtube and other pioneers of the mid noughties, Parkour would eventually cement its-self within contemporary culture and develop further into a globally recognised and occuring phenomenon. (Anon., n.d.) 3.3 Guerrilla Gardening Guerilla gardening can best be described as the illicit cultivation of someone elses land (Reynolds, 2009, p.05). The activity can be broken down into two leading constituents guirella gardening for aethetics, and for hunger. The flora in an aethsetic context is regarded as the the guirella gardeners pallete, which is utilised in various ways to add personality and to articulate artistic expression in neglected urban space. Figure 03. Others garden out of necessity in what Reynolds calls people fighting for the right to have dinner on their plate (Reynolds, 2009, p.14) According to Reynolds no guerilla gardening manifesto exists, the activity is thought of as being a highly individual undertaking, with every gardener prescribing their own ethics, motivations and goals within their practice. (Reynolds, 2009, p.15) This however, isnt explicily the case with some practicioners arranging spectacular horticultural campaigns by organised and politically charged cells (Reynolds, 2009, p.5) As to the origins of guerilla gardening, one can assume due to the nature of the subject, that is -   cultivating land not belonging to oneself that guerilla gardening has been occurring since at the very least, the Neolithic age, some 14,000 years ago. (Reynolds, 2009, p.65) More recently there are well documented cases of the activity occuring within modern western cities such as New York, Paris and London. 3.3 Activating the modern city through activity Why then, does our three transgressive, at times illicit activities form a viable and interesting topic within Architectural discourse? For skateboarding, Borden suggests skateboarders have the ability to reject the Architecture and spaces of the city as a coherent urban entity (Borden, 2001, p.214)and instead view the saces of the modern city fabric as an orchestration of floating, detcahed, physical items isolated from each other.(Borden, 2001, p.214) This is essentially the skateboarder reproducing Architecture and the city in their own image, and in doing so participate in an exercise of re-mapping the city, and forming a tactile languge made of objects, textures and surfaces that may be recalled at will when required. (Borden, 2001, p.14) Ultimately the relationship between skateboarding and the modern city is highlighting how a space with a prescribed use is in reality inscribed with a multitude of uses.(Borden, 2001, p.247) Julie Angel speaking of Parkour, argues that traucers temporarily socially re-energises areas previously not used (Angel, 2014, p.191) suggesting, New encounters both socially and architecturally (Angel, 2014, p.191) for the inhabitants of the modern city. Parkour thus forms an example of the modern cities inhabitants ascribing new significance, and meaning, to the zero degree spaces/quotidian functional objects of the modern city. (Angel, 2014, p.179) For gurella gardening Olly Zanetti claims gardening is at once a passive activity yet, in certain contexts, affords the ability to radically appropriate space (Zanetti , 2007, p.17) The above statements suggest the three transgressive activities exhibit a range of phenomena, however, they also share common themes. For example, they are all performed kinetically throught movement and action informing the dialectical relationship between Architecture, space and the body. (Angel, 2014, p.178) Further, all three fit the definition of play, defined by the Oxford english dictionary as Exercise, brisk or free movement or action.(Oxford English Dictionary , 2016) Rawilnson and Guaralda suggest play is critical (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.1) to the wellbeing of the inhabitants of the modern city. Play also forms new meanings and memories for normative elements through an unconventional, and extraordinary level of interaction. (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011) The above statements suggest the activities negate the prescribed use of space and are consequently venerated with new uses, meanings and memories in the process. May this suggests new spatial possibilities, opportunities, and futures for the inhabitants of the modern city? 3.1 Origins According To Christian Norburg-Schulz author of the book Principles of Modern Architecture Modern Architecture and thus the modern city which encapsulates it came into existence to help human beings feel more at home in the new world that had emerged with the arrival of the industrial revolution. This new world was the by-product of major advancements in personal mobility, the new political and economic paradigms associated with the new world structure and the arrival of what we would call today the media. While the arrival of new technologies were a key precursor in the manifestation of the modern city, another constituent was the general rejection of custom and tradition by leading 20th century architects.   (Norberg-Schulz, 2000) This can be seen in advertisements and literature, such as this Deutscher Werkbund (DWB) exhibition poster (Figure 4) promoting their Form die ohne ornament (Form without ornament) exhibition in 1924. This new architectural doctrine promoted Architecture that embodied openness and transparency, with conceptions of space that extend in all directions and instill with in it a sense of infinity. (Norberg-Schulz, 2000). 3.2 MAteriality As various architects, theorists, and historians have pointed out, no material has been more closely associated with the origins and development of modern architecture (Cohen Moeller , 2006) Cohen and Moeller are referring to concrete. It has been largely agreed that concrete has been synonymous with the modern architectural movement. In terms of the development of our chosen transgressive activities in the modern city, the tactile material quality inherent of the modern city be it the steel bollards obstructing vehicular access to a side street, or the granite benches of a piazza, or the in-situ re-in forced concrete floors and stairs of a regional building. Even the sculptural forms and surfaces orchestrating an Architectures external form and the pockets of green space that adorn it they have all been exploited to great effect. Also being utilized is the spatial organization of the modern city. With the process of urbanization comes its by-product the movement and re-distribution of people from rural to urban. This equates to a greater density of people with in urban space and Architecture/public space must accommodate this increased density. This is manifested through a principle of modernist/post-modernist design where-by notable spaces and architecture are linked by spaces designed for the movement/flow of large volumes of people. Interestingly these spaces which represent the liminal exteriors of society (Angel, 2014, p.178) are, according to Angel popular with traucers, the transitional spaces which direct and steer the human subject (Angel, 2014, p.178) using the available quotidian objects such as Ramps, barriers and staircases (Angel, 2014, p.178) are visual markers which influence and authorise their actions. Such fragmentation of space is what bored Borden refers to as the object-space-object-space rhythm born from a fragmentation of objects within a homogenous space (Borden, 2001, p.195). He maintains the spaces of the modern city that have evolved therein and importantly their potential for reappropriation can only have occurred in the concrete city with its smooth surfaces and running spaces excaliming medievel, reinessance or early industrical cities are crap to skate. (Borden, 2001, p195) Borden is refereing to skateboarding in this instance, however, one can easily understand how his theory may be applied to parkour and even guirella gardening, for parkour is explosive, physical and requires the fragmentation of space, and guirella gardening gravitates to the neglected green spaces which adorn the zero-degree spaces of the modern city. In respect of the above we can begin to view the modern city as the substrate from which a variety of different modes of self expression and identification with the urban environment may transpire. This begs the question; how is the modern city liberated of its ludic duty that is, the authoritative and cultural duty imposed upon it and how is it reborn as the space of total opportunity? For the answer we must understand how the practitioners of each identify with and seek opportunity from space. For skateboarders, Borden believes, the modern city is presented as a pre-existent object, thats liable to negation, specifically, throught expoliting its texcture. Texture in this context gives the skateboarder a different undersatanding of the modern city, an understanding informed from an expereince of surface and the tactility of materials. (Borden, 2001, p.194) Engaging with the city on the level of textual terrain presents the Skateboarder with a myriad of physical sensations, inscribed with in the textual qualities of space that move up through the skateboard and is felt by the skateboarder, as well as heard. The same can be said for the practice of Parkour, with the traucers intimate knowledge of the material and textual qualites of their immediate environemnt informing their movements and actions. For example, a sandstone ledge is a far safer landing pad in the wet than a polished granite one. This is arguably just one of countless material and textual judgements a traucer will make during a session. (Angel, 2014, p.181) Gurella gardening is a different beast all together. While parkour and skateboarding both rely on and engage heavily with the textual fabric of the city, guirella gardening is more selective of its environemnt, for ovbious reasons. Taking into account the particular activities that are happening within the modern city it may be argued the modern citys image is revitalised and reborn through transgression. (Tschumi, 1996) There is no social or political change without the movements and programmes that transgress supposedly stable institutionality architectural or otherwise; that there is no architecture without everyday life, movement, and action; and that it is the most dynamic aspects of their disjunctions that suggest a new definition of architecture (Tschumi, 1996) Tschumi initially implies that boundaries set by institutional orders, laws and codes must be transgressed if a new definition of Architecture and its associated meanings are to be developed. Thereafter he argues the importance of movement the activation of bodies in space to define Architecture. However, how does movement, action and their disjunctions define Architecture, and why are they important, and who are they important to? The collective? The individual? The City? Architects and planners? It is beyond the scope of the text to fully answer such questions, however, a critical analysis of the spatial phenomena and politics concerning skateboarding, parkour and guerilla Gardening is conducted which forms a basis for further research. 4.1 Publicly private. Various literature sources indicate a complex socio-political relationship between the chosen transgressive activities and the spaces occupying the modern city. Simpson suggests the street is a palimpsest of laws, orders, codes (Simpson , 2011, p.417) that contain within them thepotential for modification. (Simpson , 2011, p.417) One can understand the complications practitioners face during their day-to-day interactions with the modern city. This is largely due to what Simpson describes as the domestication of urban public space from the incivilities or certain inhabitants through the regulation of difference (Simpson , 2011, p.418) ultimately this domestication occurs to exclude nonconsumers or those who are deemed to detract from the experience of that space (Simpson , 2011, p.418) Rawlinson and Guaralda suggest activities of integrated play (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20)must contend with and thus be subordiante to -   the authoritative powers in force, such as the government and the private institutions/bodies that own and maintain large percentages of cities. This suggests privately owned public spaces are dictated by a form of spatial politics which prioritises consumers over citisens. (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20) This eventually leads to legislitave powers being drawn up, for example, legislature such as provisions in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-riot acts, the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-summary offences and restrictions on freedom of association and assembly in a public place (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20) which aids in the restriction of activities which are deemend extraordinary or contradicttory to a spaces prescribed use. Julie Angel believes this level of legislation against Parkour, for example, is due to the nature of the activity, she suggests Private corporations fear the risk of liability to their organsiation (Angel, 2014, p.188) which is understandable. The same can be said for skateboarding, both activities involve mass bodies, objects and both, utilised in unison operating at high velocities, and in close proximity to other users of the same urban space. Skateboarding and Parkour are similar in their spatial politics, but what of Guirella Gardening? In London the activity has no legal protection (Zanetti , 2007, p.43) and further, Zanetti suggests the activity can theoreticallly be construed as trespass theft or criminal damage. (Zanetti , 2007, p.43), suggesting Reynolds ethic fits the definition of guerilla gardening exceptionally well: some people have a different definition of gardening. I am one of them. I do not wait for permission to become a gardener but dig wherever I see horticultural potential. I do not just text existing gardens but create them from neglected space. (Reynolds, 2009, p.4) 4.2 Designed suppression Angel quoting Michel Foucault suggests the Architecture and planning occurring within the modern city is underscored by a form of spatial tactics (Angel, 2014, p.184)as well as political technology.(Angel, 2014, p.184) Adding, methods used for the organization of bodies in space is conceived through enclosure, partitioning and of creating functional sites.(Angel, 2014, p.184) What are these spatial tactics and what other tactics are employed to restrict one form of use over another? Figure 5 illustrates a plan of the City Hall complex in London, containing the City Hall building designed by Foster Partners. Adjacent to the building is The Scoop, an 800 seat external amphitheater designed by Townshend Landscape Architects. The Scoop forms an interesting case study as it exemplifies the power struggle relations between space and non-prescribed use and reveals typical modes of designed suppression. The polished steel knurls that adorn the external granite forms, as shown in Figure 6 are located to restrict the frictional, horizontal movement of metal objects, such as skateboard axles (trucks). Figure 7 exemplifies the signage utilised by authority to forbid and criminalise non-normative activity. Interestingly, rollerblading as well as cycling a generally accepted form of inner-city transportation is legislated against in this instance. Thus presented are two examples demonstrating how architectural defense tactics have been employed demonstrating how owners, developers and governance contribute to the maintenance of power of one group over another (Angel, 2014, p.184) The political and design based tactics restricting urban activities like skateboarding, rollerblading and BMXing are not applicable with guerilla gardening. No examples of design-based tactics targeting gardeners explicitly have been found within academic literature. 4.3 Mediating conflict A review of current literature reveals interesting ways in which the three transgressive activities mediate conflict within the modern city. Whilst Borden suggests Skateboarding is antagonistic towards the urban environment (Borden, 2001, p.247) he presupposes skateboarders take advantage of the bounded temporality (Borden, 2001, 198) of certain spaces. He suggests skateboarders can mediate conflict with authority/building owners by choosing to use space at times when the adjacent buildings are not in use, such as at night or on weekends. Thus, skateboarders substitute one temporal rhythm for another (Borden, 2001, p.198) and in doing so animate the Architecture and spaces of the modern city at times when they would otherwise go unnoticed (Borden, 2001, p.198) Skateboarders and traucers inevitably mark and scuff the surfaces they use to perform on, marks left by the skateboarders utherene wheels on the ground, damaged ledges from an accumulation of contact (Figure 8) and trainer marks are but a few examples worth noting. Whilst its understood skateboarders avoid conflict through clever use of temporal rythms, theres no evidence within literature to suggest they take responsibility for the damage they inflict, as such one can assume theyre indifferent. The same cannot be said for Parkour, however, with Angle suggesting traucers go to great lengths to make their relationship with the environemnt a positive one (Angel, 2014,p, 182) The residual build up of material that can make space look untidy has been brought into question (Angel, 2014, p.182) within the parkour community. This has resulted in the Leave no trace initiative(Angel, 2014, p.183) (Figure 9) with traucers essentially chosing to paint over the marks their shoes leave behind, furthemore, traucers remove debris and litter before and after they practice, while they do this for their own safety Angel suggests Parkour potentially improves spaces.(Angel, 2014, p.182) As previously mentioned guerilla gardening differs considerably to the two former transgressive activities in its theory and practice. Its important to note that while the two former occur in plain view most of the time, its assumed guirella gardening does not. Guirella gardenings mediation of conflict is unequivocally linked to the activity, because o

Essay --

Johann Heinrich Lambert was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. Born in the Republic of Mulhouse in 1728, Lambert died at the age of forty-nine. He is widely regarded for his invention of the Hygrometer, which is used to measure moisture in the air. Lambert is also credited for his achievement in Lambert-Beer-Bouguer Law and Transverse Mercator Projection. Johann Heinrich Lambert didn’t come from the wealthiest of families. His parents were tailors. Therefore, at the age of twelve, recognizing his family’s financial condition, Lambert ceased traditional education and dropped out of school. He worked alongside his father in order to help provide. Lambert didn’t let this deter him completely, however. He was capable in both French and Latin, and spent his free time educating himself to the best of his ability. It wasn’t until after he became the assistant to Professor Basler Zeitung of Basel University, that he was able to return to his studies. He then had a brief stint as a clerk due to his impeccable handwriting. When he was twenty he tutored the sons of Count Salis ...

Judith Beveridge Speech

Judith Beveridge is a poet of great detail. Her poems are written with strong use of language. Strong imagery of her observations and contrasts of her views help create her poems meaning and effect on the reader. Beveridge’s texts are valuable to the understanding of human and nature’s precious life, and her appreciation for life in all. Through her two poems ‘the domesticity of Giraffes’ and ‘the streets of Chippendale’ these both communicate her ideas and values the strongest. One of Beveridge’s strongest values is of life, in ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ this is displayed from the first sentence of the second stanza. ‘I think of her graceful on her plain’ Beveridge puts herself into the poem, her thoughts of the giraffe in her natural state, gracefully running in the wild. The entire second stanza is crammed with imagery; each line creates a new picture in the mind of the giraffe being free. A strong metaphor end the stanza ‘She could be a big slim bird before flight’ this metaphor symbolising that could be the giraffe’s freedom. This is Beveridge’s only positive stanza throughout this poem this is very effective to display her thoughts on what the giraffes life should look be like. Continuing into the poem, violence and pain in the giraffe is described strongly using several similes. ‘ Her tongue like a black leather strap’,’ bruised apple eyed’ words of strong violence and pain as though the giraffe appears beaten up and battered, this use of violent imagery is disturbing and makes you think deeper about how the giraffes natural appearance seems to have disappeared. Beveridge observes the giraffe licking the wire for salt and gazing around her pen, her gaze has the loneliness of smoke’. Beveridge describes the giraffes unnatural habits, she becomes a part of the poem again by ‘ offering the giraffe the salt of her hand’ ‘ the giraffe in sensual agony’, this point of desperation for the giraffe is extremely unnatural and saddening to see her have to go to such measures to have what she needs. In ‘the streets of Chippendale’ life is at its lowest. For a suburb that seems so upper class and pleasant for the names of the streets Ivy, vine, rose and myrtle are so beautiful, all of these names are very misleading. Life in Chippendale is rough, alcoholic and sad. Beveridge uses juxtaposition to contrast the names of the streets with what they sound to be. ‘Abercrombie sounds like the eccentric unmarried third cousin’ ‘but Abercrombie’s different’. Beveridge personifies the street as though it is a grumbling, alcoholic, causing trouble and disturbance. There is so much violence, as though men are fighting in their drunken confident state to up their lacking self esteem. ‘Sad daughter of the ruined slipper’ violence sexual abuse nothing of what is accepted in society. The community of Chippendale has no value anymore, no society morals exist. Life is not valued or precious, there seem to be no happy memories to ever come from this place ‘ streets go to wall like families’ ‘ ivy vine rose and myrtle not one of your descendants mourns your loss’ the people of Chippendale don’t want to remember this place at all. Though above the grime and run down nature, ‘Thomas and Edward have climbed to new heights, incomes and renovations, things are slightly looking up in one small part of town. The streets of Chippendale are very male dominated. Beveridge particularly portrays this with certain lines, images in our minds from the words beer mates drunks and work boot bruises come together to create the image of a man after work, in his late night alcoholic state. This poem shows a strong inequality between men and women. The tale of Abercrombie Street is dark and sad. The street is personified as a pub crawler. ‘Hits the bottle with a dozen pubs, grumbles like a drunken parent, these similes reflect Beveridge’s views on how the street behaves. Beer mates come together her with a feel for violence ‘someone smashes the street lights’’ sad daughter of the ruined slipper’ Beveridge has created the image of Chippendale to be one big self destructed mess. The feeling of male dominancy and female inequality is overwhelmed throughout the poem and is valuable to show how society can really be this way. The same dominancy is seen in ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ in desperation the female giraffe needs salt. But in no natural way can she get enough. The male bull indolently lets down his penis drenching the pavement. Beveridge uses emotive language to describe how the female giraffe in desperation goes for whets her needs. ‘She thrusts her tongue under his rich stream to get moisture for her thoundath chew. The word thrusts create the image of the female giraffe lowering herself to his waste to get what she needs. Throughout every one of Judith Beveridge poems, her structure and language forms that she uses are what make her poems phenomenal. By use of strong imagery, similes, juxtaposition and personification our minds can picture what she has written about clearly. The pain of the giraffe in its enclosure would not seem as harsh and unwanted if it was not for the violent images that are created in our minds and the several similes to compare how the image seems in real life. She languorously swings her tongue’ like a black leather strap ‘bruised apple eyed’’ legs stark as telegraph poles’ Beveridge seems effortless in creating this giraffes appearance. Juxtaposition is repetitively used throughout Beveridge’s poems this is useful to create and enhance different images in our minds. Chippendale’s streets are personified and their names are explained as what they sound to be, ivy vine rose and myrtle, Hugo and Louis, Abercrombie they could have been the homes of kindly aunts, respected gentlemen strolling past, but they’re nothing but beer mates of Abercrombie. In this poem juxtaposition and enjambment are Beveridge’s two strongest language forms these help create a certain image of the town, and help the poem to flow right through and connect nicely. Each of Beveridge’s poems is valuable. Each explores human’s exploitation to nature and morals of society. The issue of life and its value, men and women’s inequality are actively discussed through both poems ‘the domesticity of giraffes’ and ‘the streets of Chippendale’ both poems are valuable to create one persons view that not many other people observe so deeply.

The Progressive And Traditional Forms Of Society - 1086 Words

Both the Progressive and Traditional forms of society have been pivotal and influential in the development and transition of various societies. Specifically, both ideologies were highly substantial in the overall growth and development in a budding society. However, although both ideologies were critical to the overall growth and development of a society, the ideologies were substantially opposing in numerous ways. From the rate of speed for both social and technological evolution, how power was established and distributed, the methods that income was earned and viewed, the significance and role of religion in personal lives and also the social and economic structural differences, the two ideologies were dramatically opposing. However, it was these various differences that were the driving forces behind the progression and also, the demolition of countless societies. Traditional societies in the sociology frame, reference a society that is characterized by an orientation the past ins tead of the future. Furthermore, it shares a predominant role for both habit and custom (Ching 2015). Additionally, such societies are often categorized by both a lack of distinction between business and family and also labor division, which is influenced by factors which can include gender, age and also status (Ching 2015). Progressive societies, however, reference a society of people moved by the idea of civil liberty and reform. Moreover, these societies hold fast to the ideasShow MoreRelatedProgressive Education Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagestells you, words and ideas can change the world.† Typically, students do not hear enough of this type of passion in a traditional classroom. However, a progressive classroom, be it a cave or college can inspire students to memorize facts, not because they have to, but rather because they want to for the betterment of humanity. 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